An Error Analysis In Writing Short Essay Made By The First Semester Students English

Writing is one of the learning topics taught at the Department of English Education at HKBP Nommensen University Medan. Meanwhile, based on the writer ‟ s experience the writer still made an error when writing an essay. The aims of this study are to find out the dominant types of error and the causes of the error. This study used qualitative descriptive as a case study. the population of this study was the 1 sT semester students English Department of Nommensen University from groups A and B consist of 15 students. The data was collected from the students ‟ tests and interviews. According to the result, there were four types of errors by using the appropriate tenses in writing a short essay made by the first semester students, those were (1). Omission (17.2%), (2). In Addition (10%), (3). Misformation (69.1%), and (4) Misordering (3.7%), the dominant types of error by using the appropriate tenses in writing a short essay made by the first semester students English Department Nommensen University on their short essay was Misformation (69.1%). The cause of the error by using the appropriate tenses in writing short essays was an Interlingual and Intralingual Transfer. this study indicates that there are still errors in writing short essays, which dominate by misformation errors or errors in word structure, which occurs because of interlingual and


PENDAHULUAN
Language is the quintessence of distributed cognition.The function of language itself is a tool to communicate among others, as an intermediary tool to express an assumption, feeling, perspective, or an idea.Language also has an essential role in learning a norm or rule in a culture.Based on (Alakrash et al., 2021:548), language has a dual nature: language is both a medium of communication and a cultural carrier.Usually, language is considered a medium for thinking and a tool to intermediary a thought from one person to another.Some people have argued that language is a key for all of us to have society because of language in general and writing, in particular, are social actions.
The entire world has become a global village in which people speak a common language during the globalization era, i.e., English as an international language; as a result.English is now widely recognized as a global language (Silalahi, 2016:788).Meanwhile, Jenkins (in Rao, 2019:66) assumed English in another phrase, "English also called an international language."English is used to communicate worldwide, and because of this, English has received the status of an international language.English is spoken as an official or semi-official language in more than 60 countries worldwide.English as a common language and global language is usually used in scientific studies, movies, culture, technology, business, travel, Etc.According to (Rao 2019:66), the language is generally used in science, business, organizations, the internet, higher education or the tourism sector.English has a more dominant role in almost all fields in this world.According to Silalahi (2016:788), from the Independence Proclamation of Indonesia on 17 th August 1945, Indonesia has been maintaining a relationship with the West firstly by joining United Nations.That was the first way how can English came to Indonesia.The teaching of English in Indonesia has begun since the Independence Proclamation of Indonesia until now.Related government policies education stated that English is compulsory from middle school to high school.In fact, at the higher education level, all study programs are required to provide English courses, even if the study program has non-English educational disciplines.
Today many people in Indonesia want to learn about English, and they study English for specific purposes like economics, politic, science, technology, Etc.For Indonesians, understanding English is not easy in terms of vocabulary mastery, pronunciation, and sentence structure (Alrajafi, 2021:3-4).Like foreign language learners, we will always make some mistakes and errors in learning English.Richard and Schmidt (Febriyanti & Sundari, 2016:72), lexical, grammatical, or pragmatic errors in the mother tongue " s transfer are the most common source of inter-lingual language.In intra-lingual language, an error is frequently made by someone unaware of the rules " limitations and their incorrect application.English has four skills; listening and reading are considered passive skills, but speaking and writing are considered active abilities.In this study, the writer focuses on writing skills.Febriyanti & Sundari (2016:71) assumed that for students in Indonesia who learn about language, one of the four skills that are the most difficult is writing.Writing is characterized as a complex process that includes planning, creating, editing, and publishing printed or digital content and entails a variety of talents and functions.Writing is one of the intermediaries to convey an idea, thought, or fact using simple language and is easy-to-understand (Durga & Rao, 2018:2).Writing is a difficult skill for many learners, even in Hadfield " s mother language (Apandi Kusriandi, 2016:77).Writing skills is not always easy to do as well as all people think.In writing, language learners will feel some difficulties, error, and it has come from internal or external factors, like lack of ISSN (print) : 2722-7316 e-ISSN : 2723-1275 https://ejournal.uhn.ac.id/index.php/humaniora/Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan Antarwilayah Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2001-2016 (Judul Jurnal, Font Agency 10) 3 motivation, laziness, or lack of information when you want to start writing.According to Corder (Febriyanti & Sundari, 2016:72), a mistake is a discrepancy caused by a factor (lack of memory, emotional tension, fatigue, carelessness, etc.).It's usually mistakenly random and easily corrected by the students when pointed out.
An essay is a type of writing.An essay consists of several paragraphs.An essay is written about a topic, like a paragraph in Oshima and Hogue (Apandi & Kusriandi, 2016:78).An essay has three main parts; the first part is the topic sentence, the second part is the essay " s body, and the last part is the concluding sentence.A short essay is another form of essay in general.Short essays don't have differences from an essay in general.In other words, short essays are more focused on delivering a message to readers in a shorter time.Currently, this time, the need for short essays is increasing.It's happened because most applications like jobs, scholarships, etc., require someone to provide a brief explanation.
The writer conducted fields experience program at Senior High School HKBP Sidorame Medan.The study discovered that students struggle to acquire English, mainly writing.It was found when the writer gave students assignments including a narrative text and identified faults in the form of flaws in the technique for creating narrative text, tenses employed, or grammar errors.Even after the writer allowed the students to fix the mistake, the students still made the same mistake, which can be called error; this occurred due to the students " lack of understanding of the proper technique for composing narrative text On the other hand, writing skills are one of the learning topics taught at the Department of English Education at HKBP Nommensen University Medan.This skill is conveyed to English students starting with the first semester and ending with the fourth semester.It " s hoped that students will not experience difficulties in writing.Meanwhile, the writer repeatedly made the same error based on the writer's experience in the second semester.The error is found in tenses, especially when writing a narrative essay in the simple past tense.In this study, the population taken by the writer is the first semester students who will become a teacher who must have good skills in all English skills.So, it is essential to analyze errors in writing short essays.According to Apandi & Kusriandi (2016:78), a short essay is a tool to introduce an essay to students after knowing about a paragraph.

METODE PENELITIAN Research Design
In this study, the writer used qualitative research as a research design because the study " s results knew the dominant types of errors in writing a short essay by using the appropriate tenses committed by students and the causes of errors in the shorts essay.According to Sugiyono (2016: 8), the qualitative method was a research method for obtaining.In the qualitative method, the main instrument was the writer, the data gathering techniques were mixed, and the data analysis was inductive.The data in this study used Dulay et al. in surface strategy taxonomy to evaluate and interpret the data.The student can omit crucial elements; add less important ones, misform objects and misordering items.

The Subject of the Study
The subject of this study came from Nommensen HKBP University " s English Department.The participants in this study were from Nommensen HKBP University " s first semester English Department.The writer

The Source of Data
The writer of this study looked at the most common errors students made while writing short essays.The data of this study took from the students " writing and the results of student interviews.The writer analyzed the results of students " writing and interview made by the first semester English Department HKBP Nommensen University to determine what dominant errors occurred and the causes.

Instrument of Collecting Data
The study instrument was a tool that served to measures the natural and social phenomena that were observed, where all of the phenomena are called research variable (Sugiyono, 2016:222).As a result, the writer employed exams and interviews to obtain data for this study.

Technique of Collecting Data
To collect the data, the writer applied some procedures, which are: 1.The writer asked the permission of students to be the sample of this study.2. The writer took 15 students of the English Department to consist of groups A and B. 3. The writer explained to the students as the sample by using zoom about the topic and the example about short essay and what will they do.4. The writers gave the writing short essay test in zoom.
5. The writers collected the data from the sample and analyzed it.6.After the writers analyzed the dominant error made by students in writing short text, the writer interviewed some students about the causes that students make.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
The results of errors contained in student writing can be seen in the table below: used random sampling in this study, consisting of 68 students from groups A and B. The writer examined only 15 students, groups A and B, in this study.

Table 1 Kinds of Errors
Based on the table 4.1, it can be explained that 81 different errors in students " writing when they wrote a short essay.There are four types of errors found in this case: 14 error words in an Omission, 8 error