THEORY OF BANDURA'S SOCIAL LEARNING IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING AT SMA METHODIST BERASTAGI KABUPATEN KARO

Learning is the process of change in human character, and these changes are manifested as an increase in the quality and quantity of behavior, such as improve skills, knowledge, attitudes, habits, understanding, skills, thinking abilities, etc. To make learning enjoyable, each class should include an activity that allows students to gain new knowledge and skills. Learning activities of this type must bridge the gap between prior knowledge held by learners and new knowledge created by them. One of the psychologists known for learning theory is Albert Bandura. Albert Bandura emphasizes the importance of observing, modeling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional responses of others. Social learning theory considers how environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and behavior. Albert Bandura's Social Learning emphasizes the importance of the learner develop their own knowledge or information gained from model observations the surrounding environment. The learner organizes all the information in detail code. The process of preparing each code can be repeated, allowing learners to real-time feedback can be provided. The learner's behavior is the result of competence. The learner interprets knowledge or information, imitates the model, and then recognizes process and identify desired action goals. Encourage learners to think critically and creatively. Analyzing the problem and offering alternative solutions is critical to the problem.


INTRODUCTION
Social learning theory is increasingly recognized as an essential component of sustainability Manage natural resources and promote desirable behavioral changes. (Muro PKM : Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 03 No 02 Agustus 2022 pp 85-96 https://ejournal.uhn.ac.id/index.php/pengabdian 86 and Jeffrey 2008). The theory is based on the idea that we learn from interactions with others in a social setting. In any case, by observing the behavior of others develop similar behaviors. After observing the behavior of others, people assimilate and mimic the behavior, especially when their observational experience is positive or include rewards associated with observed behaviors. imitated by Bandura Involves actual reproduction of observed motor activity. (Bandura 1977).
Based on previous studies, learning is defined as "A persisting change in human performance or performance potential as a result of the learner's interaction with the environment" (Driscoll, 1994, pp. 8-9). Learning is also elucidated by Weinstein & Mayer (1986) as "The relatively permanent change in a person's knowledge or behavior due to experience" (p. 1040). On this point, Shuell (1986) clarified learning as "An enduring change in behavior, or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion, which results from practice or other forms of experience" (p. 412). Learning theories see the environment as the major force in development. (Hoffman, 1993). Learning theories are divided into three categories: behaviorism, social learning theory (SLT), and social cognitive learning theory (SCLT). Albert Bandura is possibly the most eminent living psychologist in the field of psychology. His Social Cognitive theory has had an impact on a variety of fields, including education, health sciences, social policy, and psychotherapy.
SLT has become the most important learning and development theory. Many of the central concepts of traditional learning theory are contained in it. Because it involves attention, memory, and motivation, this theory has been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories. Muro and Jeffrey (Muro & Jeffrey, 2008 Learning can be done without a change in behavior if these main rules are followed.
So, look at it another way, behaviorists believe that learning must be reflected in a permanent change in behavior, but social learning theorists believe that because people can learn from observation alone, their learning may not always be reflected in their performance.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Social Learning Theory (SLT) is that learning happens through social observation and subsequent imitation of modeled behavior. Humans learn by seeing the acts and consequences of others. Individuals can either learn to replicate the observed behavior and reap the benefits, or they can learn not to imitate a certain activity and avoid the disagreeable.
Children observe the people around them behaving in various ways. By observing the behaviors of others, people develop similar behaviors. After observing the behavior of others, people assimilate and imitate that behavior, especially if their observational experiences are positive ones or include rewards related to the observed behavior.

Behaviors learned through modeling
The people who are being observed are called models and the process of learning is called modeling. This point supported by (Newman B.M. & P.R, 2007). From this perspective, moral thinking and behavior are influenced by observation and modeling.
Thus, learning involves moral judgments of right and wrong, and this part can be generated by modeling.

Social Learning Theory Concepts
First, people can learn by observing, which is called observational learning.
Second, mental state is an important factor in learning, also known as intrinsic

Observational Learning
In 1961, Bandura conducted his famous experiment, the Bobo Doll Experiment, to study patterns of behavior, at least in part through social learning theory, and similar behaviors learned from individuals who shaped their own behavior after the model acted.
In the process of observational learning, he identified three basic models of observational learning: 1) A live model of a real person demonstrating or performing a behavior.
2) Verbal instructional models that include behavioral descriptions and explanations.
3) A symbolic model that includes real or fictional people who behave in books, movies, TV shows, or online media.

Modeling Process
Social learning theory is increasingly recognized as an essential component of sustainability Manage natural resources and promote desirable behavioral changes. (Muro and Jeffrey 2008). The theory is based on the idea that we learn from interactions with others in a social setting. In any case, by observing the behavior of others develop similar behaviors. After observing the behavior of others, people assimilate and mimic the behavior, especially when their observational experience is positive or include rewards associated with observed behaviors. imitated by Bandura Involves actual reproduction of observed motor activity. (Bandura 1977).
Based on previous studies, learning is defined as "A persisting change in human performance or performance potential as a result of the learner's interaction with the environment" (Driscoll, 1994, pp. 8-9). Learning is also elucidated by Weinstein & Mayer (1986) as "The relatively permanent change in a person's knowledge or behavior due to experience" (p. 1040). On this point, Shuell (1986) clarified learning as "An enduring change in behavior, or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion, which results from practice or other forms of experience" (p. 412). Learning theories see the environment as the major force in development. (Hoffman, 1993). Learning theories are divided into three categories: behaviorism, social learning theory (SLT), and social cognitive learning theory Learning can be done without a change in behavior if these main rules are followed.
So, look at it another way, behaviorists believe that learning must be reflected in a permanent change in behavior, but social learning theorists believe that because people can learn from observation alone, their learning may not always be reflected in their performance.

Social Learning Theory Concepts
First, people can learn by observing, which is called observational learning. Second, mental state is an important factor in learning, also known as intrinsic reinforcement.
Finally point out that learning does not necessarily lead to a change in behavior and follow this through the modeling process.

Observational Learning
In 1961, Bandura conducted his famous experiment, the Bobo Doll Experiment, to study patterns of behavior, at least in part through social learning theory, and similar behaviors learned from individuals who shaped their own behavior after the model acted. In the process of observational learning, he identified three basic models of observational learning:

1)
A live model of a real person demonstrating or performing a behavior.
2) Verbal instructional models that include behavioral descriptions and explanations.

3)
A symbolic model that includes real or fictional people who behave in books, movies, TV shows, or online media.

MODELING PROCESS
Bandura mentions four necessary conditions which are demanded in modeling process. By considering the way, an existent can successfully make the actions model.
These conditions are shown in the figure 1.

Social Learning Theory perspectives
From the SLT view, the perspectives of reinforcement and punishment (R&P) can be categorized as follow: a. Indirect effect on learning and they are not the only main cause; b. Affect the extent to which a person shows the behavior that has been learned; c. Affect the expectations of reinforcement in cognitive processes that promote learning; d. Attention pays an important role in learning and; e. Attention is influenced by the expectations of reinforcement.

DISCUSSION AND RESULT
According to previous research, the advantages and disadvantages of SLT can be divided into two parts categories. 2. Punishment, is used when the behavior being imitated by the observer is negative and likely to offend or hurt others, leading to some form of punishment. Basically, according to the literature, the main advantages and disadvantages of social/observational learning depend on the model. According to this, if the model produces appropriate, responsible and overall positive behavior, the observer will emulate this positive good behavior. So, as aspiring educators, we need to be constantly aware of how we present ourselves and what we do.
In conclusion, if we believe Bandura's theory is correct, it means that what we do is constantly being watched by others.
Bandura identified three basic models of learning through observation: These factors can interact with each other in the learning process. Environmental factors influence behavior; behavior affects the environment, as well as personal/cognitive factors influence behavior. What is meant by the person factor by Bandura is, among others, especially the nature, personality, and temperament; while cognitive factors include expectations, beliefs, thinking strategies and intelligence.
In this model, the person factor (cognitive) plays a very important role. The person (cognitive) factor emphasized by Bandura is self-efficacy. Bandura defines selfefficacy as belief in one's own ability to deal with and solve problems effectively. Selfefficacy also means believing in yourself to be able to succeed and be successful.
Individuals with high self-efficacy are committed to solving problems and will not give up when they find that the strategy being used is not working. (Bandura 2001) According to him, individuals who have high self-efficacy will be very easy to face challenges.
Individuals do not feel doubt because he has full confidence in his abilities.
According to him, the process of observing and imitating the behavior and attitudes of others as a model is an act of learning. Bandura's theory explains human behavior in the context of a continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral and environmental influences. Environmental conditions around the individual are very influential on this type of social learning pattern. For example, someone who lives and grew up in a gambling environment, then he tends to choose to play gambling, or on the contrary thinks that gambling is not good.
There are many factors that must be considered in changing individual behavior after making observations. According to Bandura, the cognitive basis in the learning process can be summarized in four stages, namely: attention, remembering, reproduction of motion, and motivation. 2. Retention: How well we remember the behavior. We cannot perform the behavior if we do not remember the behavior. So, while a behavior may be noticed, unless a memory is formed, the observer will not perform the behavior. And, because social learning is not immediate, retention is vital to behavior modeling.
3. Reproduction: The ability to perform the behavior. This is the ability to reproduce a behavior we observe. It influences our decision about whether to try performing the behavior. Even when we wish to imitate an observed behavior, we are limited by our physical abilities.
4. Motivation: The will to emulate the behavior. This mediational process is referred to as vicarious reinforcement. It involves learning through observing the consequences of actions for other people, rather than through direct experience.

CONCLUSION
Social learning theory is a theory that emphasizes the idea that most human learning occurs in a social environment. By observing people, humans acquire knowledge, rules, skills, strategies, beliefs, and attitudes. Individuals also look to models or examples to study the usefulness and appropriateness of behaviors as a result of the behavior that is modeled, then they act according to their beliefs about their abilities and the expected results of their actions. This theory was developed by Albert Bandura, an educational psychologist from Stanford University, USA. This learning theory was developed to explain how people learn in a natural setting or real environment. Social learning theory also has influenced many areas of inquiry: education, health sciences, social policy and psychotherapy among others. This social learning theory is very interesting to apply. If the quality of an individual who has self-efficacy is extended to the family, then the effect will be enormous. This is because the formation of self-efficacy does not may be seen as a mere personal effort. As part of an institution socially, it is impossible for each family member to live independently autonomous.
Social learning theory can shape an individual's personality in response to a social stimulus that will have an impact on the good character formation of the generation a nation that is sensitive to social, because social learning theory is a model observational learning which serves as one of the educations for educating one's emotions, empathy, respect, and multiculturalism.